Hiki i nā mōʻalihaku ke hana i ka pā metala. ʻO kēia no ka mea, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻO ka metala kekahi mea e hoʻoikaika nui a makemake e hana me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke kaiapuni. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā mōʻalihaku i nā pōhaku sedimentary, nā mea i hana ʻia mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka sediment i ka manawa.
(hiki i nā mōʻalihaku ke hana i papa metala)
Ke make nā meaola fossilized, mālama ʻia ko lākou mau koena i loko o nā papa o ka sediment e kūkulu ʻia ana ma luna o lākou. Ua holo ʻoi aʻe ka manawa, hiki i kēia mau papa ke lilo i mea ʻino a ʻā, e ʻae ana i nā koena e ʻike i ka ea a me ka mālamalama. E like me ka hana ʻana o ka metala me ka oxygen i ka lewa, hiki iā ia ke hana i mea hou i kapa ʻia he ʻōpala.
ʻO kekahi laʻana o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ka ʻōpala ʻana o ka hao hao. ʻO ka hao he mea hoʻoikaika nui e hiki ke hana koke me ka oxygen i ka lewa. Ke ʻike ʻia ka hao i ka wai a me ka ea, hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka pala, ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻili ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula i uhi ʻia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi hao oxide.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā metala a pau ke hana i ka pala. Kekahi mau metala, e like me ke gula a me ke kala, loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻōpala ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai kemika. ʻO kēia mau metala e hana i kahi paʻakikī, papa pale a puni ko lakou ili, paʻakikī ke komo ʻana o ka ʻōpala a pōʻino.
No laila, pehea mākou e ʻike ai inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mea ola fossilized i ka pā metala? ʻO kahi ala e hana ai i kēia, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili o ka mōʻalihaku. Inā ʻike ʻia ka ʻili o ka mōʻalihaku i uhi ʻia i ka ʻōpala, a laila, ua hana ʻia ke kino me ka metala. Eia naʻe, He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole ʻo nā mōʻalihaku āpau i manaʻo mau ʻia he metala. ʻo kahi laʻana, Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau mōʻalihaku o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona me nā mea ola, ma mua o ka metala.
ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai inā loaʻa i kahi mōʻalihaku kekahi metala ma ke kāʻili ʻana i kona haku mele ʻana. ʻO nā mōʻalihaku i loaʻa i ka hao nui a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e hana ʻia me ka metala. Eia hou, ʻO kekahi mau mōʻalihaku i ʻike ʻia he iwi i hana ʻia me ka calcite, ʻo ia kekahi ʻano mineral e kūpaʻa loa i ka pala.
(hiki i nā mōʻalihaku ke hana i papa metala)
I ka hopena, ʻoiai he ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i nā mōʻalihaku ke hana i kahi pā metala, he nui nā mea e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā hana ʻia kahi mōʻalihaku metala. Ma ka nānā pono ʻana i ka ʻili o ka mōʻalihaku, ke kālailai ʻana i kona haku mele ʻana, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kona pōʻaiapili honua, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana ʻia ka mōʻalihaku me ke metala.