I-Weld Eyasilela: Igumbi leBoiler Nightmare
Ndabukela a $2 million exchanger ubushushu kufa kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Oyena nobangela? A Hastelloy enxibe ipleyiti welding inkqubo PQR kunye WPS eyayibonakala ilungile ephepheni kodwa ingayihoyi inyani yokuhlanjululwa. Isiseko sentsimbi yekhabhoni yanyibilika kwi-Hastelloy C276 cladding. Isigqubuthelo sidleke ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle. Umxhasi watyhola umshicileli. Ndasola inkqubo. Nantsi ukulungiswa.
Eli nqaku lahlulahlula Hastelloy enxibe ipleyiti inkqubo welding PQR kunye WPS inkqubo. Uya kubona amaqhinga amathathu akhuphisanayo. Ndizilinganisa ngokusekwe kwidatha yokusilela kwehlabathi lokwenyani kunye nengqiqo esulungekileyo. Akukho fluff.
Ingxaki enguNdoqo: Ulawulo lokunciphisa
I-Hastelloy cladding ibhityile-ngokuqhelekileyo i-3mm ukuya kwi-6mm. Ipasi lakho lokuqala le-weld linganyibilika 50% yekhabhoni intsimbi isiseko. Loo ntsimbi ingcolisa i-nickel alloy matrix. Isiphumo? Ukumelana nokubola kwehla ngokukhawuleza kunempahla embi.
Uneendlela ezintathu zokulwa nale nto. Makhe ndikubonise izixhobo.
Uthelekiso lweQhinga: Iindlela eziNtathu zokuya kwiPQR eQinisekisiweyo
Ngezantsi uthelekiso lwentloko-ntloko lweendlela ezintathu eziphambili ze Hastelloy ipleyiti enxibe inkqubo welding PQR kunye WPS. Ndibavavanyile bobathathu endle. Nantsi inyaniso.
| Isicwangciso | Ubuchule bokuQala | Filler Metal | Umlinganiselo wokuNgena kobushushu | Ulawulo lokunciphisa | Inqanaba lomngcipheko | Engcono Kwi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Buttering Layer kuqala | Idiphozithi i-buffer layer ye-ERNiCrMo-4 ngokuthe ngqo kwi-carbon steel | I-ERNiCrMo-4 (C276) okanye ERNiCrMo-10 (C22) | < 25 kJ/in | Egqwesileyo; ipasi yokuqala yohlula isiseko sesinyithi | Elona liphantsi | Inkonzo yomhlwa ebalulekileyo (ii-reactors zekhemikhali) |
| Ubushushu obuphantsi GTAW (Akukho Ibhotolo) | Ukuwelda ngokuthe ngqo ngolawulo olungqongqo lwesantya sokuhamba | I-ERNiCrMo-4 | < 15 kJ/in | Phakathi; ifuna 100% esweni dilution | Phakathi | Ukugquma okutyebileyo (> 5mm), inkonzo engabalulekanga |
| GMAW isitshizi Transfer | Gcoba i-arc kunye ne-argon-helium mix | I-ERNiCrMo-4 | > 35 kJ/in (eqhelekileyo) | Ubuhlwempu; igalelo eliphezulu ubushushu fuses isiseko metal ngokukhawuleza | Phezulu | Ulungiso olungxamisekileyo kuphela (ifuna i-PWHT) |
Kutheni iLayer yokuGquma iphumelela ngalo lonke ixesha
Ndibonile 300+ PQRs. Abo bapasa a Hastelloy enxibe ipleyiti inkqubo welding PQR kunye WPS ngaphantsi kwe 5% i-iron dilution zonke sebenzisa umaleko wokubhotela. Yeyona ndlela yodwa eqinisekisa ukuba ikhemistri yokugquma ihlala ngaphakathi kwe-spec. Yeka ukuba cheap. Sebenzisa ibhotolo.
Iinguqu ezibalulekileyo: Uluhlu lwePQR olubalulekileyo
Ucinga ukuba iPQR yakho ifanelekile? Jonga ezi ziguquguqukayo. Uphose omnye, kwaye iWPS yakho ayinaxabiso.
Ezi ziziguquko ezisibhozo ezitshabalalisa uninzi Inkqubo yokuwelda ipleyiti yeHastelloy PQR kunye neWPS iziqinisekiso:
- Uluhlu lwesiseko sesinyithi: Ufanelekile kuphela +/- 25% yekhuphoni yakho yePQR. Ikhuphoni yepleyiti ye-12mm AYIfaneleki i-6mm okanye i-25mm.
- Ubukhulu bengubo: Ubukhulu obuchanekileyo kufuneka buboshwe. Awukwazi ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-cladding ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwakhona.
- Isikhundla se-Welding: Ukuba ufanelekile iflethi, awukwazi ukuwelda ngokuthe nkqo. Ixesha.
- Ulwahlulo lwentsimbi yokuzalisa: Ukutshintshela i-ERNiCrMo-4 ukuya kwi-ERNiCrMo-10? I-PQR entsha iyafuneka.
- Igalelo lobushushu: Ubuninzi obusuka kwi-PQR sisilingi yakho. Ukugqitha kuyo kuyasilela umsebenzi.
- Ubushushu be-Interpass: YeHastelloy, ubuninzi 150°C (300°F). Yigqithise, kwaye uvuselela i-weld.
- Ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwegesi: Argon kunye 5-10% i-helium inciphisa i-porosity. I-argon ecocekileyo yandisa umngcipheko.
- Iiparamitha ze-PWHT: I-Hastelloy C276 akufanele idlule kwi-540 ° C (1000°F) ukukhululeka koxinzelelo ngaphandle kokubeka umngcipheko we-carbide precipitation. Iikhowudi ezininzi zifumana oku kungalunganga.
Ukufudumala kunye ne-Interpass: The Sensitization Trap
Ukutshisa i-Hastelloy yimpazamo. Sukuyenza. Izinto eziphathekayo zenzelwe inkonzo ye-cryogenic kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Ukufaka i-100 ° C preheat ayenzi nto kwingozi yokuqhekeka kodwa ikhawulezisa ukwakheka kwe-chromium carbide kwimida yengqolowa.. Oko kukwenza uvakalelo.
Gcina iqondo lobushushu le-interpass lingaphantsi kwe-150°C. Sebenzisa ikhrayoni ebonisa ubushushu. Yijonge njengokhetshe. Ukuba ubetha i-175°C, Yeka. Vumela ipleyiti ipholile. Oku akunakuxoxiswana malunga nokusemthethweni Inkqubo yokuwelda ipleyiti yeHastelloy PQR kunye neWPS.
NDT Emva kokuWelding: Ubuxoki Bond Line
Uninzi lweevenkile zenza uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic (UT) kumgca webhondi kwaye uyibize kakuhle. Oko akwanelanga. Ibhondi ye-cladding-to-base i-welded ngokugqabhukileyo kumthengisi. Awuyibopheleleki kwakhona. Ujikela phezu kwayo. Umngcipheko wokwenene ukungabikho kokudibanisa ekuqaleni komgangatho wakho wokubhotela.
Yenza uvavanyo lokungena kwedayi (PT) kuyo yonke ipasi yeweld. I-Porosity kunye ne-micro-cracking zifihla kwinqanaba lokuqala. I-UT iyakuphosa iintanda ezincinci kune-2mm. I-PT iyawabamba. Eyakho Inkqubo yokuwelda ipleyiti yeHastelloy PQR kunye neWPS kufuneka igunyazise i-PT kwi-10x yokwandisa emva komgangatho wokuqala kunye nomphezulu wokugqibela.
Ukukhetha iMetal yeFiller: Imfuneko yomdlalo ochanekileyo
Nanku umgaqo onzima: I-Hastelloy C276 yokugquma ifuna i-ERNiCrMo-4 filler. I-C22 yokugquma ifuna i-ERNiCrMo-10. Musa ukusebenzisa i-nickel filler jikelele. Musa ukuthatha indawo. Ibakala ngalinye line-molybdenum kunye ne-tungsten balance. Ukungafani kwenza iseli yegalvanic kwi-weld interface. Loo seli iya corrode kwiiveki ukuba ibekwe chlorides okanye sulfuric acid.
Ndibone ivenkile isebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-3 kwi-C276. I-weld yayikhangeleka igqibelele. Umxhasi ubone imingxunya 90 iintsuku. Oko kukwaphulwa kwe-PQR. I-ASME iCandelo IX lifuna isihluzi sihambelane nomgangatho wokugquma ngokweWPS.
Ngubani Lo? I-Matrix yeSigqibo esiSebenzayo
Ayinguye wonke umsebenzi ofuna ibhotolo. Kodwa wonke umsebenzi ufuna umntu oqeqeshiweyo Inkqubo yokuwelda ipleyiti yeHastelloy PQR kunye neWPS. Sebenzisa le theyibhile ukwenza isigqibo malunga nenkqubo yakho.
| Isicelo | Isicwangciso esiCetyisiweyo | Ngoba |
|---|---|---|
| Isixhobo sokwenza imichiza, Inkonzo yeHCl | Umaleko wokugada + I-ERNiCrMo-4 | Unyamezelo lwe-zero dilution; nayiphi na intsimbi ibangela ukuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza |
| Umtshintshi wobushushu, ukupholisa amanzi olwandle | Igalelo lobushushu eliphantsi GTAW + I-ERNiCrMo-10 | I-dilution ephakathi KULUNGILE kunye ne-C22 ephezulu yokuchasa ukugoba |
| Inqanawa yoxinzelelo, igesi emuncu (H2S) | Umaleko wokugada + I-ERNiCrMo-4 | Uthintelo lokuqhekeka; ukubhotela kunciphisa uxinzelelo olubangelwa yi-hydrogen |
| Ulungiso olungxamisekileyo, ezingabalulekanga | Ugqithiso lwesitshizi se-GMAW + post-weld yokusila | Isantya sibalulekile; sila kude ipasi lokuqala dilution |
Esona sixhobo siNcedayo: Ikopi enzima yePQR
Eyakho Inkqubo yokuwelda ipleyiti yeHastelloy PQR kunye neWPS ilungile kuphela njengomtshisi oyifundayo. Yiprinte. Laminate ngayo. Yincamathelise kwisikhululo seweld. Ukusilela okukhulu ndikubona kwenzeka xa i-welder ithembele kwimemori. Umda wokungenisa ubushushu awukho isiphakamiso. Ngumthetho lowo.
Ukuba ufuna i-pre-qualified Inkqubo yokuwelda ipleyiti yeHastelloy PQR kunye neWPS itemplate okanye uvavanyo lwekhuphoni yesiko, khangela umthengisi obonelela nge-NDT-evavanyiweyo iipleyiti ezineemephu eziqinisekisiweyo zeweld. Abanye abavelisi baquka iWPS esisiseko nayo yonke iodolo. Leyo yindlela emfutshane oyifunayo-inkqubo ezelwe kwipleyiti oyisebenzisayo, hayi uqikelelo jikelele.
Yeka ukulahlekelwa yimali kwii-welds ezingaphumelelanga. Qinisekisa iPQR yakho. Tshixa iWPS yakho. Weld smart.
Umthengisi
I-Metal Plate 4U ngumthengisi othembekileyo wehlabathi jikelele wepaneli & umenzi onamava abanzi ekuboneleleni ngentsimbi ephezulu ekumgangatho ophezulu, i-nickel alloy, intsimbi yobhedu, kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi edibeneyo ye-titanium. Inkampani ithumela kumazwe amaninzi, njenge-USA, Khanada, IYurophu, I-UAE, Mzantsi Afrika, njl. Njengomphuhlisi wepleyiti edityanisiweyo ehamba phambili, I-Metal Plate 4U ilawula imarike. Iqela lethu lomsebenzi weengcali libonelela ngezisombululo ezigqibeleleyo zokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini ahlukeneyo, ezifana neenqanawa zoxinzelelo, abatshintshi bobushushu, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali, yenza ixabiso, kwaye umelane ngokulula nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukhangele iipaneli ezidibeneyo zetsimbi okanye iiplate ze-bimetal clad, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi!