Yintoni i-Copper Clad Steel Plate yoKhuselo loMbane?
Ipleyiti yentsimbi egqunywe ngobhedu yokukhusela umbane yibhimetal edityanisiweyo etshatisa umaleko ongqindilili wobhedu ukuya kumbindi wentsimbi usebenzisa. uqhushumbo i-welding okanye i-roll bonding. Ikunika i-conductivity kunye ne-corrosion resistance of copper kunye namandla omatshini kunye neendleko zentsimbi. Oku ayisiyonto yokwaleka. Luqhagamshelo lwesinyithi olungayi kuxobuka okanye ukucima phantsi koxinzelelo olushushu olugqithisileyo kunye nolwemishini yokubetha kombane.. Iinjineli ziyisebenzisa njenge-electrode esisiseko, igridi counterpoise, okanye iphedi yoqhagamshelwano kwizitishi, iinqaba, kunye nezibonelelo zoshishino.
Kutheni ungasebenzisi nje iCopper eSolid okanye iSimbi eSolid?
Ubhedu oluqinileyo luthambile, zibiza kakhulu, kwaye iswele amandla okuqhutywa nzulu emhlabeni njengentonga okanye ukuxhasa ukudityaniswa kwebhasi enzima. Intsimbi eqinileyo idla ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni, ukulahlekelwa yindlela yokuxhathisa okuphantsi kwiinyanga. Ubhedu enxibe intsimbi isombulula yomibini imiba. Abasebenzisi abaninzi kwiReddit baxela ukuba emva kokutshintsha ukusuka kubhedu oluqinileyo ukuya kwiipleyiti zetsimbi ezinobhedu, abazange babone ukwehla komsebenzi kwiimvavanyo zokumelana nomhlaba-kodwa banciphisa iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo 40% yaye wayeka ukuzikhathaza ngokubiwa kwenkunkuma enexabiso eliphezulu kwiindawo zemisebenzi. Ngoko ke owona mbuzo ngulo: kutheni usacacisa ubhedu olusulungekileyo?
Yenziwa Njani IBond? UQhudo lweBonding vs. Roll Bonding
Ibhondi yoqhushumbo isebenzisa intlawulo elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo yokuqhushumba ukuweldisela ubhedu kwintsimbi. Isiphumo sisibophelelo sokwenyani se-metallurgical kwinqanaba le-athomu-akukho filler, akukho flux, akukho ndawo echaphazeleke bubushushu ethambisa intsimbi. I-Roll bonding idlula iintsimbi ezipakishweyo ngeerola ezinzima phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu. Kwiipleyiti zokukhusela umbane, uqhushumbo bonding yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo. Igcina i-copper conductivity epheleleyo kwaye ivelise ibhondi evavanywe kwi-shear ukuba idlule 20,000 psi (140 MPa). Umphathi weprojekthi omnye we 500 Isikhululo se-kV sandixelela ukuba emva kovavanyo oluthe ngqo loqhankqalazo lombane, iipleyiti zakhe eziqhumayo zibonise i-zero delamination emiphethweni-into egqunywe okanye enxibe iimveliso azikwazi kubanga.
Yintoni iCopper-to-Steel Ukutyeba Ratio?
Umgangatho woshishino uyachaza 10% ukuya 20% ubhedu ngendawo enqamlezileyo. Kuba 1/4-intshi (6.35 mm) ipleyiti eshinyeneyo, Oku kuthi 0.025 ukuya 0.050 i-intshi zobhedu ezidityanisiweyo kwi intsimbi undoqo. Kutheni olo luhlu? Ngezantsi 10%, umaleko wobhedu ubhityile kakhulu ukuba uphathe ukusasazeka kwangoku ngaphandle kokutshisa kunye nokuthoba isibophelelo. Ngaphezulu 20%, uchitha ubhedu kwaye wongeza iindleko kuba intsimbi yentsimbi sele ithwele umthwalo womatshini. Kwizicelo ezikwi-high-fault-current like transmission tower grounding, ncamathela kwi 15% ubhedu. Kumhlaba wokwakha jikelele, 10% isebenza kakuhle. Musa ukuvumela umthengisi ukuba akuthethele kumaleko obhedu obhityileyo ukuze wonge imali; uya kuzisola ngexesha lokuqala lombane.
Yeyiphi iMigangatho eLawula iipleyiti zentsimbi zeCopper Clad zokuGrounding?
Amaxwebhu amabini akanakuxoxisana. Ekuqaleni, I-ASTM B101 ibandakanya iinkcukacha zobhedu-enxibe iipleyiti zokumisa isinyithi-ingqibelelo yebhondi, ubukhulu bobhedu, kunye nokunyamezelwa komgangatho. Isibini, IEEE Std 80 inikeza ubalo loyilo lokumisa olukuxelela ukuba ungakanani ummandla wepleyiti oyifunayo kwimpazamo enikiweyo yangoku kunye nokuxhathisa umhlaba.. Ukuba umthengisi wakho akanako ukunika isiqinisekiso sokuthobela i-ASTM B101, musani ukuthenga kubo. Kwakhona cela uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic (UT) Iingxelo eziskena yonke i-bond interface ye-voids okanye i-disbonds. A 1% indawo engabotshwanga inokuba yindawo yokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka ngexesha 100 kUmbane.
Uqinisekisa Njani Umgangatho Webhondi? Uvavanyo lwe-UT kunye ne-Shear
Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic (UT) isebenzisa amaza esandi esiphezulu ukwenza imephu yojongano lwentsimbi yobhedu. Nawuphi na ummandla apho ibhondi ilahlekileyo ibonakalisa imbonakalo engaqhelekanga. Uvavanyo lokucheba luyisika ngokwasemzimbeni ipleyiti kwaye luzama ukutyibilikisa ubhedu kwintsimbi. Amandla okucheba afunekayo kwiipleyiti zokukhusela umbane aqhelekile 20,000 psi (140 MPa) ubuncinane. Musa ukwamkela iipleyiti ezingadlulanga 100% UT ukuskena. Omnye umsebenzisi kwiforum yeengcali wabelane ngebali eloyikekayo: bafaka 30 iipleyiti, kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ezintathu ziye zagqabhuka umaleko wobhedu kuba umthengisi weqa i-UT. Ixabiso lokubuyisela laliyi-10x ixabiso leplate yokuqala. Qinisekisa phambi kokuba ungcwabe.
Iipleyiti zentsimbi yeCopper Clad ziziphatha njani iiSurge Currents?
Ngexesha lokubetha kombane, isantya sangoku ngokulandelelana kwe 100,000 I-amperes ihamba ngepleyiti kwii-microseconds. Uluhlu lobhedu lubonelela ngendlela ephantsi-impedance. Isiseko sentsimbi sisebenza njengesitya sokushisa, ukutshabalalisa amandla e-thermal kunye nokuthintela ubhedu ekunyibilikeni okanye ukuphunga. Ukuba ibhondi ivakala, ipleyiti iziphatha njengomqhubi omnye. Ukuba ibhondi ibuthathaka, ujongano luyatshisa, ubhedu lwanda ngesantya esahlukileyo kunentsimbi, kwaye i-delamination iqala. Yiyo loo nto ibhondi yoqhushumbo-kunye nebhondi yayo yeathom eqhubekayo-ingaphezulu kuneentsimbi zoomatshini okanye amalungu athengiswayo.. Udibanisa iintsimbi ezimbini zibe yiyunithi enye.
Uzifaka phi ezi Plates?
izicelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka: 1) Ii-electrode zokugawula ungcwatywe ngokuthe nkqo okanye ngokuthe tye emhlabeni. 2) Iigridi zokulwa yandlalwe ijikeleze iperimeters yesitishi esincinci. 3) Iipads zokudibanisa apho ii-conductor ezisezantsi ezivela kwiintonga zombane okanye iingcingo zekhaka ezingaphezulu zixhuma kwigridi yomhlaba. 4) Izixhobo zokumisa izixhobo kwi-transformer kunye ne-switchgear. Iipleyiti zihlala zibonelelwa ngemingxuma esele igrunjwe ngaphambili okanye i-threaded studs ukwenzela ukudityaniswa kwebholiti. Soloko usebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi engatyiwayo kwezi dibaniso ukunqanda ukuhlwa kwegalvanic phakathi kwepleyiti yobhedu kunye neebholiti zentsimbi..
Ingaba iCopper Clad Melana Njani nokuMhlwa komhlaba?
Ubhedu luxhathisa ngokwemvelo kwiikhemikhali ezininzi zomhlaba-i-chlorides, iisulfates, iiasidi. Umaleko wobhedu ukhusela isiseko sentsimbi ekudibaneni ngqo nomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezisikiweyo okanye kwimingxuma egrunjiweyo apho intsimbi ibonakala khona, kufuneka utywine ezo ndawo. Sebenzisa i-corrosion-inhibiting compound okanye ingubo ye-epoxy mastic. Kwaye ungalokothi weld ngqo umaleko ubhedu. I-Welding itshabalalisa ibhondi kwaye iveze intsimbi. Kunoko, sebenzisa i-welding exothermic (cadweld) okanye udibaniso oluboshiweyo ngeelugi zentsimbi engenasici. Enye injineli yomhlwa yandixelela ukuba ibone ipleyiti yentsimbi eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala igrunjwa kwisitishi esiselunxwemeni nekhangeleka ngathi intsha., ngelixa iintonga zentsimbi eyomeleleyo ezikufutshane zazigruswa ukuya embindini.
Ngaba iCopper Clad Steel Ixabiso eliphantsi kuneCopper eSolid?
Ewe, ngokubalulekileyo. Ipleyiti yobhedu eqinileyo ixabisa ngokuphindwe kane ukuya kahlanu ngaphezulu konyawo lwesikwere kunentsimbi ehonjiswe ngobhedu enobunzima obufanayo.. Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi yentsimbi ithwala umthwalo womatshini, ungasebenzisa kwakhona ipleyiti ebhityileyo jikelele-yithi 1/8 intshi (3 mm) endaweni yentsimbi yobhedu 1/4 intshi (6 mm) yobhedu olusulungekileyo-kwaye ufumane ukuqina kwesakhiwo esifanayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba wonga kwiindleko zezinto kunye nokuphatha ubunzima. Kwigridi enkulu yokumisa isitishi, loo mahluko weendleko unokuba ngamashumi amawaka eedola. Kwaye ulahlekelwa yinkuthazo yamasela: iipleyiti zentsimbi zobhedu azifanelanga ukubiwa kuba ubhedu alunakuhluthwa ngokulula kumbindi wentsimbi..
Kuthekani malunga ne-Galvanic Corrosion kwi-Joints?
I-galvanic corrosion yenzeke xa iintsimbi ezimbini ezingafaniyo zidibana nombane phambi kwe-electrolyte. (umhlaba omanzi). Ubhedu luhloniphekile; intsimbi iyasebenza. Ukuba udibanisa ipleyiti yentsimbi yobhedu kwintonga yomhlaba wentsimbi, intonga yentsimbi iya kugqwala ngokukhethiweyo kwindawo yokudibanisa. Ulungiso luthe ngqo: sebenzisa i-alloy yobhedu okanye i-stainless steel connectors kuwo onke amajoyina, kwaye ugqume umdibaniso wonxibelelwano ngegrisi ye-dielectric anti-corrosion. Kungcono noko, sebenzisa zonke iintsimbi zobhedu kulo lonke inkqubo yokumisa-iintonga, iipleyiti, kunye neentambo-ngoko unayo iperi yentsimbi enye (ubhedu ukuya kobhedu) kuzo zonke iziphambuka. Ezinye iinjineli zixoxa ukuba inani elincinci le-galvanic corrosion liyamkeleka ukuba inkqubo yokumisa inentsimbi enqamlezileyo.. Andivumi. Inkqubo yokukhusela umbane ilungile kuphela njengekhonkco layo elibuthathaka. Thintela ukubola kumalungu kwaye uthintele ukusilela kwenkqubo.
Inceda Njani Amandla oomatshini bentsimbi yeCopper Clad?
Ingundoqo yentsimbi inika i-plate ukuqina ukuba iqhutywe emhlabeni ngaphandle kokugoba. Ikwaxhasa izixhobo ezinzima ezibotshelelwe kwipleyiti ngaphandle kokonakala. Ngexesha lokubetha kombane, umbindi wentsimbi ufunxa umothuko womatshini onokucheba ipleyiti yobhedu esulungekileyo. Kwaye ukuba ufaka iipleyiti kwiindawo ezinemijikelezo yokuqhwala, intsimbi yentsimbi ikhusela ukuqhekeka phantsi kokunyakaza komhlaba. Enye ikontraka endandisebenza nayo yayiqhuba i-intshi eyi-0.25 (6.35 mm) ipleyiti yentsimbi eshinyeneyo yobhedu inyawo ezintathu kumhlaba onamatye usebenzisa isando esisebenza ngoxinzelelo lwendalo olusebenza ngoxinzelelo olukhulu olwenziwa ngamanzi—into ongenakuze uyenze ngobhedu olusulungekileyo.. Amandla afanayo akuvumela ukuba usebenzise ixesha elide, iipleyiti ezincinci zoqhagamshelwano olunzulu lomhlaba ngaphandle komngcipheko wokuphuka.
Kutheni ezinye iinjineli zisachaza iCopper eSolid?
Abakhange bazihlaziye iinkcukacha zabo 20 iminyaka. Bacinga ukuba ubhedu ngumgangatho wegolide kwaye abawubuzi. Abanye banenkxalabo yokuba ipleyiti yobhedu iyimbumba, kwaye imidibaniso inokuba neziphene ezifihlakeleyo. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba, intsimbi ehombise ubhedu isetyenziswe kwisiseko somkhosi kunye nesomashishini amashumi eminyaka, kwaye iyasebenza. I-IEEE kunye ne-ASTM zombini ziyayibona. Esona sizathu sokungawusebenzisi kukuba umhlaba wakho uneasidi kakhulu (pH < 4.0) and the copper itself will corrode, in which case you should use stainless steel anyway, not pure copper. So if your engineer or specifier insists on solid copper, ask them to show you a cost-benefit analysis. Chances are, they can't.
Zeziphi iindlela zokutywina ezinqanda uhlaselo lweBond?
Kumzi-mveliso, imiphetho yentsimbi ehonjiswe ngentsimbi ivamise ukutywinwa ngokudibanisa umcu wobhedu ojikeleze umjikelezo. Oku kuthintela ukufuma komhlaba ekurhubuluzeni phakathi kobhedu kunye nentsimbi. Ukuba usika ipleyiti ukuya kubukhulu ebaleni, kufuneka utywine ikona elisikiweyo. Sebenzisa i-epoxy coating enamacandelo amabini okanye i-bituminous sealant efakwe eshushu. Musa ukushiya nayiphi na intsimbi eveziweyo. Kwakhona, ukuba ugqobhoza imingxuma, sebenzisa i-sealant efanayo kwiindonga zomngxuma. Abasebenzisi abaninzi kwiReddit baye bachaza ukuba i-corrosion yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokungaphumeleli kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ezinobhedu-hayi ibhondi ngokwayo., kodwa imiphetho engakhuselekanga. Vala yonke indawo yentsimbi eveziweyo.
Ngaba iipleyiti zentsimbi zeCopper Clad zingasetyenziswa kwiNdawo zaseLwandle?
Ewe, ngononophelo. Kwiindawo zokuchaphaza kwamanzi etyuwa, umngcipheko wokubola kwegalvanic uphezulu. Sebenzisa iileya zobhedu ezityebileyo (Nangona 20% Indawo yokudlula) kwaye usebenzise i-epoxy yomgangatho onzima we-marine-grade kuzo zonke iincam zentsimbi eziveziweyo. Ukuba ipleyiti iya kuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo emanzini olwandle, cinga ukusebenzisa ipleyiti enentsimbi yobhedu endaweni yoko. Kodwa kwi-offshore wind turbine grounding okanye izikhululo eziselunxwemeni, insimbi enentsimbi yobhedu isetyenziswa ngempumelelo xa itywinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Omnye umfakeli weqonga ongaselunxwemeni undixelele ukuba basebenzisa iipleyiti zentsimbi ezigqunywe ngobhedu kuba zifuna amandla omatshini ukuze zimelane nempembelelo yamaza., kunye nobhedu olusulungekileyo luya konakala phantsi komthwalo.
Bubuphi ubungakanani kunye neemilo ezifumanekayo?
Iipleyiti eziqhelekileyo ziza ngobukhulu ukusuka 12 intshi nge 12 intshi (300 x 300 mm) ixhomekeke ku 48 intshi nge 96 intshi (1200 x 2400 mm). Ukutyeba ukusuka 1/8 intshi (3 mm) ukuya 1 intshi (25 mm). Iimilo eziqhelekileyo zinokwenziwa: uxande, isetyhula, okanye i-L-shaped kwikona yezicelo. Abanye abavelisi banikezela ngeepleyiti ezinezikhonkwane ezidityanisiweyo zokumisa okanye iilugi ezikhwelayo. Ukuba ufuna imilo engekho mgangathweni, oda kwangoko; Ukufa kwesiko kunokufuna ixesha elide lokukhokela. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zesikhululo esincinci, a 24 x 24 ipleyiti intshi nge 0.25 intshi ubukhulu jikelele kunye 15% ubhedu bubukhulu behashe lomsebenzi.
UVavanya Njani Ukunganyangeki koMhlaba oFakelweyo wePleti yentsimbi yeCopper Clad?
Sebenzisa indlela yokuwa-ye-enokwenzeka nge-IEEE Std 81. Qhuba iintonga ezimbini zovavanyo kude nepleyiti, ukulinganisa ukuhla kwamandla ombane kubo ngelixa utofa umsinga wovavanyo, kwaye ubale ukuxhathisa. Kwipleyiti enye yobhedu enentsimbi kumhlaba ophakathi (100 ohm-imitha), kufuneka ubone ukuxhathisa komhlaba 5 ukuya 15 ohms, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bepleyiti kunye nobunzulu bokungcwaba. Ukuba ukuchasana kuphezulu kunokuba kulindelwe, khangela umdibaniso owaphukileyo okanye umphetho wepleyiti ebopheleleke kakubi. Abasebenzisi abaninzi kwiiforamu zobuchwepheshe bacebisa uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza emva kofakelo kwaye emva koko ngonyaka emva koko. Ukunyuka kwendlela yokuxhathisa ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukubola kwijoyini okanye ukuthotywa kwebhondi.
Akukho ndlela imfutshane kwisiseko. Unokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ngesiqinisekiso, izixhobo ezivavanyiweyo, okanye wamkela iintsilelo ngamaxesha athile. Ipleyiti yentsimbi yeCopper yokukhusela umbane ayiyongozi-sisisombululo esinobunjineli esogqitha ubhedu oluqinileyo kuyo yonke i-metric esebenzayo ngaphandle kokuqhutywa kombane okrwada kwiyunithi nganye.. Kwaye loo mahluko omncinci we-conductivity ayibalulekanga xa ipleyiti ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo. Chaza i-ASTM B101, funa i-UT kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lokucheba, tywina yonke ikona, kunye nenkqubo yakho yokukhusela umbane iya kuhlala ubomi besakhiwo.
Umthengisi
I-Metal Plate 4U ngumthengisi othembekileyo wehlabathi jikelele wepaneli & umenzi onamava abanzi ekuboneleleni ngentsimbi ephezulu ekumgangatho ophezulu, i-nickel alloy, intsimbi yobhedu, kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi edibeneyo ye-titanium. Inkampani ithumela kumazwe amaninzi, njenge-USA, Khanada, IYurophu, I-UAE, Mzantsi Afrika, njl. Njengomphuhlisi wepleyiti edityanisiweyo ehamba phambili, I-Metal Plate 4U ilawula imarike. Iqela lethu lomsebenzi weengcali libonelela ngezisombululo ezigqibeleleyo zokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini ahlukeneyo, ezifana neenqanawa zoxinzelelo, abatshintshi bobushushu, ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa, kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali, yenza ixabiso, kwaye umelane ngokulula nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba ukhangele iipaneli ezidibeneyo zetsimbi okanye iiplate ze-bimetal clad, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi!